Fire-fighting cutting and indentation: what is necessary and requirements.
At the moment, many more residential buildings are heated by stoves and boilers of various types. Accordingly, the number of fires, the cause of which was a violation of the rules of PB during their operation, is also large. What is it - during the furnace, there is a strong heating of the external surfaces not only of the walls of the furnace body, boiler, but also of the structures of the flue that removes incandescent flue gases into the atmosphere.
Fire-fighting cutting is an increase in the width of the walls of the buildings of heating units - stoves, fireplaces, boilers or chimneys, channels in places / zones of direct contact with building structures of objects made of combustible, non-combustible materials.
A fire-fighting retreat is a space, the distance between the outer surfaces of the walls of the buildings of furnace units, heating equipment or smoke ducts and unprotected or protected from constant heating, ignition walls, partitions made of combustible, non-combustible building materials.
Purpose The main purpose of fire-fighting cuts, retreats is to prevent the occurrence of fires in places of direct air contact of hot surfaces of heating equipment with combustible, difficult-to-burn building structures.
To understand the material, it is worth clarifying some definitions:
* Furnaces are devices designed for the complete combustion of various types of solid materials, for heating the premises of objects, such as locally assembled installations made of fire-resistant materials - bricks, refractory concrete, flame-retardant pastes, non-combustible mastics; or in factory conditions made of metal alloys.
* Fireplaces are types of stoves, characterized by a larger area of open firebox openings, the absence of smoke turns.
* A chimney, a chimney is a rectangular, circular shaft, necessary to create an upward thrust of heated flue products of the combustion process, their removal into the atmosphere.
* A smoke channel, a pipe can be of several types of execution: a nozzle, resting on the ceilings of construction objects; a wall, passing inside the capital walls; a root, resting on the foundation of buildings, floors, next to the heating unit.
* Indentation – open or closed.
* Cutting - up to combustible structures of a construction object;
* up to structures protected by wet plaster on a metal grid, other fire-resistant materials.
* It is forbidden to operate stoves and other heating devices without fire-fighting cuts (indentations) from combustible structures, pre-heating sheets made of non-combustible material with a size of at least 0.5 x 0.7 meters (on a wooden or other floor made of combustible materials), as well as in the presence of burnouts and damage in the cuts (indentations) and pre-heating sheets.
* Faulty stoves and other heating devices are not allowed to operate.
During the operation of furnace heating, it is prohibited:
Goods, racks, showcases, counters, cabinets and other equipment are located at a distance of at least 0.7 meters from the furnaces, and from the furnace openings - at least 1.25 meters. When operating metal furnaces, the equipment must be located at a distance specified in the instructions of the manufacturer of metal furnaces, but not less than 2 meters from the metal furnace.
The head of the organization provides whitewashing of chimneys and walls in which smoke channels pass.
In addition, the following requirements should be taken into account:
The distances between the top of the floors of furnaces made of brick masonry in three rows and a protected combustible ceiling are at least 250 mm for periodically heated furnaces, 700 mm for heating units of long-term gorenje.
In cases where the combustible ceiling of the building is not protected by fire-resistant materials, the distances are increased to 0.35 and 1 m, respectively. If the masonry is made in two bricks, then the distances corresponding to these situations are increased by 1.5 times.
The minimum air gaps between the non-insulated top of metal furnaces and the combustible ceiling of the room in which it is installed are 1200 mm; and between the ceiling protected by fire–resistant materials and the top of the furnace with a heat-insulating overlap are 800 mm.
The roof to be burned must have a minimum distance of 130 mm from chimneys made of brick, refractory concrete, and from non–insulated ceramic pipes - 250 mm.
Furnace fire-fighting retreats in preschool institutions, outpatient clinics, polyclinics must be performed closed - with walls covered with non-combustible material. At the same time, ventilation holes at the top and above the floor with an area of at least 150 cm2 are needed in the wall covering the indentation.
The maximum temperature of furnace surfaces, with the exception of metal elements, should not be higher than: 90℃ – in children's and medical institutions; 110℃ - in buildings of other purposes with an area of such surfaces not exceeding 15%; 120 ℃ - the same, with an area of up to 5%.
The distance between the furnace door and the opposite wall must be taken at least 1.25 m.
Department of Emergency Situations of Karatal district