Brucellosis (Brucellosis) is a chronic disease of numerous species of warm - blooded animals and humans, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease causes significant economic damage to livestock and has a social significance, affecting humans. It is well known that for the successful fight against brucellosis, it is important to establish a diagnosis as early as possible and start taking measures to eliminate the source of infection.
To establish the diagnosis of brucellosis, epizootological, clinical, serological, bacteriological methods are used (with the setting of a biological sample) and polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as PCR).
The spectrum of clinical manifestations of brucellosis is similar to other infectious and non-infectious diseases, so owners of farm animals need to understand the importance of timely diagnostic studies and provide assistance to specialists in the field of veterinary medicine.
When conducting mass diagnostic studies of animals for brucellosis, serological tests are used.
If positive results of diagnostic tests are obtained in accordance with paragraphs 1091 and 1092 "on approval of Veterinary (veterinary and sanitary) rules", approved by the order of the Minister of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 29, 2015 No. 7-1/587. (hereinafter - the Rules), it is necessary to isolate all positively reacting animals from the rest of the animal population. According to paragraph 1094 of the Rules it is necessary:
-to make sanitary cleaning of the premises
- within no more than 15 calendar days, send sick animals for sanitary slaughter to production facilities that perform animal slaughter (meat processing plant, slaughterhouse) (hereinafter-the slaughtering facility).
In case of detection of a doubtful result based on the results of primary diagnostic studies according to the issued certificates of expertise (test reports) in safe points (epizootological units), the following is carried out:
1) clarification of the diagnosis by re-examining doubtful reacting animals in 15-20 calendar days
2) isolation of all doubtfully reacting animals from the rest of the population until the diagnosis is fully clarified.
Bacteriological research (including bioprobe production) or PCR is subjected to pathological material from animals in the presence of clinical signs that cause suspicion of brucellosis, as well as material from an animal that was forcibly killed to confirm the diagnosis during serological monitoring. If, as a result of diagnostic studies by PCR, the status of an epizootic unit is not determined, but there are animals that respond positively to brucellosis based on the results of primary diagnostic studies, additional diagnostic studies are conducted, which in these cases are a measure introduced as an alternative to establishing a veterinary regime with the introduction of restrictive measures.
If a positive result of PCR tests is obtained, the chief state veterinarian of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit:
1) conduct an epizootological examination of an economic entity in order to determine the characteristics of the epizootic focus and epizootic process, the source and factors of transmission of the pathogen;
2) establish the boundaries of the epizootic focus and the dysfunctional epizootological unit, the dysfunctional point.
The chief state veterinary and sanitary inspector, after receiving an epizootological examination report from the state veterinary doctor, sends a submission to the MIO of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit on the establishment of a veterinary regime with the introduction of restrictive measures.
MIO of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit from the moment of receipt of the submission within no more than 3 working days makes a decision to establish a veterinary regime with the introduction of restrictive measures.
We remind you that in accordance with paragraph 7 of article 25 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on veterinary medicine": Individuals and legal entities are obliged to: ensure timely vaccination and diagnostics of their animals to ensure veterinary and sanitary safety.
Chief specialist of the state
veterinary and sanitary inspector Romaniak M. V.