Depending on the type of interaction between the subjects , the main types of corruption can be distinguished:
Domestic corruption, that is, the interaction of citizens and civil servants. Its essence lies in the receipt by officials of various gifts and other benefits in return for a public service. Nepotism can also be attributed to this type of corruption. This is when an official, using his powers, provides close relatives, spouses or relatives with a well-paid job or service to obtain benefits.
Business corruption – illegal cooperation between a government representative and business is considered in this type of corruption. In most cases, this is observed when concluding contracts and receiving “kickbacks”.
Political corruption is the interaction of the highest–ranking leadership and the supreme courts. This type of corruption refers to higher groups of persons whose illegal behavior leads to the implementation of state policy to the detriment of the interests of the citizens of the country.
Most of all, such types of corruption as receiving and giving bribes, abuse of official powers are widespread among society. Despite the decrease in the number of facts of receiving bribes over the past three years, this crime remains topical for the Kazakh society. The issue of bribes by citizens of the country is no less acute. In recent years, the number of such crimes has varied up to 260 cases, which indicates the widespread prevalence of this type of corruption among the population. The issue of abuse of official powers among civil servants remains urgent.
It should be understood that the fight against corruption is not limited to the facts of bribery among officials, civil servants and the creation of a new body to counter it. This "war" requires drastic measures and changes in various spheres of the state's life, from teaching a child in kindergarten the principles of "zero tolerance" to corruption to the development and implementation of an effective legislative framework. Of course, in this whole system, the readiness of the country's top officials to counteract corruption and start this "battle", first of all, from their environment, will play an important role.
Taking into account the results of the analysis of anti-corruption activities in Kazakhstan, the relevant authorities of the country are recommended to take the following main measures immediately:
It is recommended to develop a comprehensive plan to combat political corruption in the country. At the moment, there is an uneven fight against corruption, that is, there is only a partial fight against its various types. There is an active counteraction to domestic and business corruption in the country, while there are practically no actions against political corruption in the country. In this regard, first of all, officials should pay attention to the fact that the time has come to create an independent and impartial judicial system that will radically change the outcome of the "battle".
One of the main core of the whole system of corruption in the country is the widespread phenomenon of nepotism and tribalism among civil servants. In order to combat this problem, it is necessary to consider the possibility of carrying out preventive measures to prevent officials from appointing their relatives or acquaintances to senior positions on a "call". It is also important to oblige civil servants to declare property and income, both personal and belonging to family members. It should be said that this issue is painful and the country still cannot show the proper political and moral will to implement the most important anti-corruption project. Kazakhstan has once again postponed the introduction of a new system.
It is recommended to activate and tighten the anti-corruption fight in the field of "command movements" of high-ranking officials when appointing them to other public positions. In recent years, there have been more and more facts of "nomadism" of akims, ministers and other civil servants with their team to other positions, and not infrequently criminal cases are subsequently initiated against their wards on the facts of corruption.
Fourth, it is necessary to closely engage in the development of an active civic position of the public in opposing the facts of bribery and bribery in Kazakhstan. As world experience shows, one of the important elements of the fight against corruption is the caring attitude of the local population to the ongoing corruption events in the country. At the same time, it is also important to provide media representatives at the legislative level with opportunities for unhindered investigation of corruption facts among government officials.
Last but not least, taking into account the above facts, the authorized bodies are recommended to study the methodology and list of collected statistical data in the field of corruption crimes and consider the possibility of introducing such fundamental indicators as the facts of employment by an official of his offspring or acquaintances in senior positions, the provision of services by civil servants to their close relatives or relatives (for example, to promote shell companies acquaintances in winning tenders and/or public procurement), tribalism and "team movements" in personnel policy. It is important to understand that until the principle of a fair meritocracy really works, there will be no trust in the state as a whole.
State Revenue Department for Beimbet Mailin District