The state budget, being the main financial plan of the country, gives the authorities a real opportunity to implement the socio-economic policy of the state. The budget fixes specific spending directions, redistribution of national income and gross domestic product, which allows it to act as an effective regulator of the economy.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a number of reforms of the budget system have been carried out recently, during which the transition to a new system of state planning has been carried out, as well as the formation of a three-year budget (since 2009).
The financial system of the state, one of the components of which is the state budget, plays a fundamental role in the formation and development of the economic, social and political structure of society and the state.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the following types and levels of budgets are included in the budget system:
- state budget;
- republican budget;
- regional budget, the budget of the city of republican significance, the capital;
- the budget of the district (city of regional significance);
- the budget of local self-government (LSG).
The budget revenues of the Republic of Kazakhstan consist of various components, including tax and non-tax revenues, transfers, proceeds from the sale of fixed assets, etc.
The most significant contribution is, of course, the tax component. In the modern development of a market economy, taxes are the main source of financing for the functioning of the state. Tax receipts are taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget established by the Tax and Customs Codes of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Let's consider tax revenues in the context of individual taxes, and what types of taxes provide the greatest revenue to the budget.
For 6 months of 2022, 11131 million tenge was received in the formation of the revenue part of tax revenues of the North Kazakhstan region, the largest share is occupied by VAT on domestic goods - 16,2%, which is 579 million tenge or 5,5% more than in the same period of 2021.
The second place in profitability is accounted for by VAT from the EAEU – 15,8%. Received for 6 months of 2022 10854 million tenge, which is 1351 million tenge or 14,2% more than in the previous year for the same period.
The third place belongs to the individual income tax, which accounts for 15,7% of the total amount of tax revenues. The tax revenue is 10853 million tenge, compared to last year the increase was 2381 million tenge or 28,1%.
For 6 months of 2022, in general, in three categories, the execution amounted to 104,7% with an over-fulfillment of 3387,3 million tenge, including tax revenues – 103,6%, higher than the plan by 2392,8 million tenge.
The plan has been executed at all levels of the budget. Of these:
the republican one was executed by 103,6% or more by 984 million tenge, including tax 102,5% with an excess of 671 million tenge;
the local budget was executed by 105,4%, more than the plan by 2403,4 million tenge, including tax 104,3% or more than the plan by 1720,9 million tenge.
There was also a positive rate of receipts at all levels of the budget:
the rate to the state budget was 126,1% or more by 15474 million tenge;
the republican budget – the rate of 109,9% or 2517,2 million tenge more;
the local budget – the rate of 138,3% or more by 12957 million tenge.
A similar situation is positive in terms of tax revenues:
the state budget – 125,8% (+14072 million tenge);
the republican budget – 109,9% (2453,5 million tenge);
the local budget – 139,0% (+11618,8 million tenge).
The over-fulfillment of the plan and the positive rate of receipts are associated with the improvement of tax and customs administration issues and the identification of additional reserves in the budget.
Thus, according to the results of 6 months, an additional 4753 million tenge was received, of which 81,3% (3867 million tenge) - to the republican budget.
The largest amounts are secured through desk control – 1136 million tenge; administration of ESF – 739 million tenge; debt collection – 410 million tenge; taxes within the EAEU – 348 million tenge.
The state revenue bodies of the North Kazakhstan region will continue to work to ensure the growth of revenues and the fulfillment of forecast indicators at all levels of the budget.