The fundamentals of Information Security (IS) are the protection of information from unauthorized access, modification or destruction, based on the CIA triad: Confidentiality (protection from outsiders), Integrity (immutability of data) and Accessibility (accessibility to authorized persons). Key principles include authentication (identity verification), authorization (access rights management), non-reproducibility (proof of actions), and risk management, as well as organizational and technical measures such as strong passwords, software updates, and backups.
Key concepts
- Confidentiality: A guarantee that information is available only to authorized users. Leakage protection.
- Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and completeness of information, protection against unauthorized changes. Enables version control.
- Accessibility: Ensuring that authorized users can access information at the right time. DDoS attack protection, redundancy.
- Authentication: User authentication (passwords, biometrics).
- Authorization: Granting only those access rights that are necessary for the user to perform his tasks.
- Non-Reproducibility (Non-Repudiation): It is impossible for the user to refuse the actions performed by him. Basic methods and measures of protection
- Technical facilities: Antiviruses, DLP systems (Data Loss Prevention), firewalls, encryption.
- Organizational measures: Security policies, employee training, access control, trade secrets.
- Procedures: Regular software updates, data backup, incident management.
- Threat management: Protection against external attacks (hackers, viruses) and internal attacks (unscrupulous employees, negligence).
- Social engineering: Protection against manipulation (phishing) by training employees.
Practical steps
- Use complex and unique passwords.
- Enable Multi-factor authentication (MFA).
- Update operating systems and applications regularly.
- Use a reliable internet connection and antivirus software.
5. Be careful with links and attachments in email (phishing protection).