The Ministry's work in international economic cooperation includes developing state policy proposals for international economic relations with foreign countries, implementing agreements reached with foreign states, and fostering Kazakhstan’s economic relations, particularly through the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States (CCTS). The Ministry also ensures the implementation of agreements with integration associations and coordinates the work of state bodies in their interactions with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and international financial institutions.

The Ministry represents Kazakhstan's position on relevant issues within international organizations such as the UN (including UNECE and ESCAP), the EU, CICA, OIC, ECO, and others.