Animal brucellosis is a serious health problem for humans and animals. Due to its high pathogenicity, brucellosis is one of the most common diseases in the world.
Sources of human infection are mainly direct contact with infected animals and consumption of dairy products without heat treatment.
Brucellosis remains a widespread infection and the main cause of economic losses in the livestock sector of agriculture, which is compounded by human disease, which often leads to disability and disability. It is obvious that as long as animals suffer from brucellosis, there will be a threat of infection and people.
Brucellosis affects all types of domestic and many types of wild animals. Its greatest distribution is observed among cattle and small cattle.
Introduction of brucellosis to well-to-do farms is most often caused by sick animals or ill brucellosis carriers in case of non-compliance with the quarantine rules. The occurrence of brucellosis is promoted by untimely cleaning of afterbirth, manure, and non-compliance with the disinfection regime. Transmission of infection is possible through contact between sick and healthy animals. Infection occurs by alimentary and contact (sexual) methods, through the mucous membranes and skin.
Products infected with Brucella, especially dairy products, raw materials of animal origin, care items, feed, bedding, water, and soil are transmission factors.
On cattle farms, brucellosis occurs in the form of epizootic outbreaks. The occurrence of brucellosis is also facilitated by unsatisfactory veterinary and sanitary conditions for keeping and growing livestock, which cause a decrease in the stability of the animal body.
Anti-brucellosis measures consist of a complex of organizational and economic, veterinary and sanitary and special veterinary measures, the implementation of which will ensure the achievement of the ultimate goal — the elimination of brucellosis infection.
In modern conditions, the main organizational and economic measures are the identification of agricultural and domestic animals, proper accounting of the entire population, on which the overall well-being of the territory and the preservation of public health depend.
Unfortunately, not all business entities that carry out their business activities in the field of veterinary medicine and owners of farmsteads understand the importance of identifying farm animals. Full coverage of identification of farm animals in the corresponding administrative-territorial unit leads to improvement of the epizootic situation and actualization of planning of the studied animal population.
Incomplete coverage of identification of farm animals leads to failures in accounting and planning of veterinary and sanitary measures, which affects the funding, which is determined for the upcoming annual study of livestock by the Republican veterinary Department in the form of benchmarks.
Experience in the fight against brucellosis infection shows that in regions with a wide spread of the disease, it is very difficult to improve poor farms without specific prevention (vaccination).
The next problem is the implementation of measures aimed at destroying the mechanisms and factors of transmission of the brucellosis pathogen from the source of infection to susceptible animals.
Anti-epizootic measures in this direction involve mechanical cleaning and disinfection in each case of detection of positively reacting animals, which should be carried out by mechanized methods and disinfectants, followed by mandatory quality control of disinfection.
In brucellosis-free farms and localities, veterinary and sanitary measures should be taken to protect farms from the introduction of the infectious agent into them (control over the acquisition, movement of animals and sale of livestock products, preventive quarantine, etc.).
Transportation of animals for slaughter is carried out under the supervision of a veterinary specialist. Animals that respond positively to brucellosis are slaughtered in the sanitary slaughterhouse of the meat processing plant, followed by disinfection of the production premises and technological equipment.
However, in accordance with the order of the Minister of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 30 October 2014 No. 7-1/559 "On approval of normative legal acts in the field of veterinary medicine" provided for compensation to individuals and legal entities of the value of seized and destroyed sick animals, products and raw materials of animal origin representing health hazard of animals and humans, or neutralized (disinfected) and recycled without withdrawal of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin representing health hazard of animals and humans, at the expense of the local budget in the amount of 30 % of the average monthly market value, and the rest of the average monthly market value (70%) is paid by the organization for processing products and raw materials of animal origin.
Brucellosis is difficult to fight, but it is possible. If you observe and use the laws of the epizootic process, you can control and manage it.
In this regard, a very important element of anti-epizootic measures is the provision of assistance by individuals and legal entities to specialists in the field of veterinary medicine in the performance of their official duties in carrying out veterinary measures.