Lands that have undergone changes in the structure of the terrain, the ecological state of the soil and parent rocks, as well as due to mining, geological exploration, construction and other works, in which significant damage occurs to land plots, for their restoration, land reclamation is necessary.
Biological reclamation is a set of measures to create a favorable water-air and nutrient regime of the soil for agricultural and forest crops. This complex covers the introduction of crop rotations saturated with crops on sideral fertilizers, the introduction of increased rates of organic and mineral fertilizers, mulching.
The reclamation process usually involves two main stages — technical and biological. At the same time, according to environmentalists, the most difficult to restore are the lands that were used for storing and dumping toxic waste. For such lands, special reclamation is necessary, which can last for years, the timing of which depends on the type of waste and the severity of the impact on the land.
The development of the reclamation project itself is a complex and multi-stage process, in which specialists from different fields take part. Based on the project objectives, documentation is prepared, working stages and budget are drawn up.
For recultivation of disturbed land, restoration of degraded land, the soil removed during mining, geological exploration, construction and other works is used, by applying it to unproductive areas or areas without soil cover.
Depending on the nature of the violation of the soil cover and the planned measures to bring the disturbed land into a state suitable for economic purposes, reclamation projects are made.
The procedure for carrying out the work necessary for the restoration of disturbed and polluted land is reflected in the reclamation projects.
In accordance with the order of the Acting Minister of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 17, 2015 No. 346 "On Approval of the Instructions for the development of reclamation projects of disturbed lands", the development of reclamation projects of disturbed lands is carried out by citizens and legal entities.
Today, the procedure for approving the reclamation project is a public service. In order to exclude violations of the procedure for the provision of public services, the state service standard "Approval and issuance of a project for the reclamation of disturbed land" was developed, approved by Order No. 285 of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan-the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 4, 2017.
Based on the standard, the public service is provided free of charge to individuals and legal entities.
The state service is provided by the local executive bodies of the regions, cities of Astana and Almaty, districts, cities of regional significance.
At the same time, according to the instructions, the approval of the project of recultivation of disturbed lands that are part of the land plot provided by the executive body of the region is carried out by the authorized body for land relations of the region, and in other cases — by the authorized body for land relations of the district (city) at the location of the disturbed lands.
So, since the beginning of this year, the Department of Land Relations of the Akmola region, in accordance with the instructions, has approved 10 projects for the reclamation of disturbed land for a total area of 643.6 hectares.