Anti-corruption

The problem of corruption crime has long ceased to be a problem of one taken state or region and has acquired proportions that pose a real threat to the development of many countries.

It is possible to reduce its level only by implementing an integrated system of sequential measures.

Constantly improving anti-corruption policy must become a part of state policy. It is necessary to develop and launch a mechanism to combat corruption, which should develop into a permanent system to limit corruption. The development and implementation of such a system should be based on an accurate understanding of the nature of corruption, on an analysis of the causes of failure to combat it.

Despite the fact that significant progress has been made in recent years in terms of measuring corruption, analysts are increasingly realizing how difficult it is to measure this phenomenon with sufficient accuracy, especially over time.

 In one country, bribery may decline, while other, less obvious forms of corruption, such as forced use of consultants, having connections in political circles, become more common. In another country, extortion of bribes may remain the same, but the economy continues to grow and the situation becomes more predictable, enterprises no longer consider corruption an insurmountable obstacle.

These are difficult questions, both from conceptual and empirical points of view, to which there are no simple answers. Corruption is a dynamic phenomenon: it changes and mutates, responds to the changes that occur and adapts to them.

The measurement of corruption is limited to a certain framework. If you focus on any one indicator, you may not notice important or even conflicting changes in other indicators. The better those who try to measure corruption shed light on the problems of corruption in society, the more actively corrupt members of society try to make corruption less visible and less measurable.

An analysis of the fight against corruption in individual countries indicates a huge gap between the declared principles of the equality of all citizens before the law and the actual practice of criminalizing

Corruption always increases when a country is in the stage of modernization, undergoing not just modernization, but a radical breakdown of public state and economic foundations. Therefore, it is not surprising that it follows the general laws of development, including negative ones.

In conditions when the state is on the verge of spiritual and financial bankruptcy, increased corruption leads to further weakening of the institution of state power, skepticism of citizens on the part of it, forms social passivity among the people, demoralizes the society, arousing aggressiveness in it. The current crisis is a crisis of relations between the people and the authorities.

Corruption is becoming not only a form of crime, but also contributes to the close coalescence of criminal structures with the executive and legislative branches, the penetration of organized crime into the sphere of managing the banking business, large enterprises, trade organizations, the media, and other spheres of public life.

The huge role of the media is obvious in countering corruption.

The media should take a leading role in the fight against corruption. The international organizations in the field of humanitarian rights have developed the following recommendations developed:

• Authorized human rights bodies and non-governmental non-governmental organizations should maintain close and strong working relations with the media as partners in the fight against corruption
• Journalistic investigations should be encouraged; special training programs are needed to provide journalists with the skills to search for and uncover illegal activities
• Programs are needed to allow people to express concerns and opinions on anti-corruption and illegal activities, this will encourage citizens to participate in evaluating programs to restore integrity
• Media owners should fight corruption in their environment and encourage their media to fight corruption
• Government should review freedom of information legislation

 

For the effective fight against corruption, it is necessary to develop civil society institutions (non-profit organizations, local authorities) 

To increase the role of civil society structures in the processes of preventing corruption and enhancing their influence on government bodies and on the legislative process:

• Formulate and legislate the principles of interaction between NPOs and authorities based on social partnership
• To develop such principles for the creation of legislative acts, the implementation of which the possibility of corruption was minimal
• Change the working conditions of state and municipal employees so that corruption becomes unprofitable for them
• Introduce a civic education system and create civic education centers
• Create associations of possible objects of corruption (residents, businessmen)
• Promote the emergence of independent media

 

Civil society institutions can be of great help in the implementation of the anti-corruption program.

Where efforts to combat corruption do not work, there is no component of the struggle - civil society participation in it

 

The first thing to start the fight with is the passivity of the population and the perception of corruption that has become established in society as a fait accompli.

The anti-corruption mechanism is an element of real state policy.

The authorities are concerned about the loss of support in the community. Anti-corruption rhetoric is used with pleasure by representatives of all parts of the political spectrum. However, any steps to limit corruption are fragmented or symbolic.

 

Proyava S.N. proposes rules for anti-corruption reform of a nationwide ethics of conduct

1. It is important to determine in which areas of reform will give the best result, and to focus on them the most
2. It should be constantly emphasized that reforms are carried out in the interests of the consumer. This will reduce public fear of reform. Realizing that the rules have changed, people will go for reforms, and this will lead to the prevention of corruption in the future.
3. It is necessary to create an atmosphere of promoting honesty in society. If the reformers themselves are not honest, then efforts to fight corruption can fail, and society will be disappointed in the reforms.

 

Having formed a public moral and ethical basis for the fight against corruption, only then it is necessary to further take specific organizational and managerial measures to combat corruption