Screening is a preventive medical examination of healthy individuals of a certain age to identify risk factors and diseases at an early stage.
Screening examinations help to identify the disease at an early stage or a predisposition to it, to choose the optimal treatment and to prescribe a set of preventive measures.
To whom, where and for what it is necessary to undergo a screening examination, we will tell in this material.
The patient undergoes a screening test: answers questions about nutrition, the presence of bad habits, the level of physical activity, hereditary diseases and other risk factors. The patient's height and weight are immediately measured, the Kettle index is determined, blood pressure and intraocular pressure are measured.
After that, the patient is sent for laboratory tests (determination of low–density lipoproteins, triglycerides and glycolized hemoglobin - to the laboratory or by express methods). Also, men aged 50-76 years are referred for ultrasound of the vessels of the brachiocephalic trunk.
After the patient has been examined in the screening room (for early detection of behavioral factors, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma), he is examined for oncopathology (if he is subject to this type of screening by age).
For example, women aged 30 to 74 years old take a smear for oncocytology in the examination room, women aged 40 to 76 years undergo mammography for early detection of breast cancer, and men and women aged 50 to 76 years donate feces for hidden blood for early detection of cancer of the colon and the rectum.
Further, if necessary, the doctor prescribes a referral for further examination or consultation with a specialist.
The conclusion of the screening study is given by the district doctor.
Screening examinations of the adult population are aimed at early detection and prevention:
If acute diseases are detected, an examination is carried out, treatment is prescribed, followed by an assessment of the patient's health status until full recovery.
When detecting chronic diseases, patients are subject to accounting and dynamic monitoring in accordance with the order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 23, 2020 No. KR DSM-109/2020 "On approval of the list of chronic diseases subject to dynamic monitoring".
If an oncological disease is detected, the patient is referred for further examination in accordance with the order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 12, 2021 No. KR DSM-112 “On approval of the standard for the organization of oncological care to the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan”.
Screenings are conducted for specific diseases and for certain age groups. Screening is carried out in 2 age categories:
1. Children aged 0 to 18 years. Children undergo a routine check-up every year until they reach adulthood. Pre-school children, schoolchildren, students of secondary specialized educational institutions and students under 18 years of age are examined by a visiting team in educational organizations.
Examination of children who do not attend preschool institutions is carried out in a polyclinic or family health center.
2. Adults between the ages of 40 and 76.
The examination takes place even in the absolute absence of any symptoms-solely for confidence in your health.
Screenings are completely free. The financing of preventive examinations is carried out at the expense of the OSMS, so to pass the screening, you must have the status of insurance.
Screening can be carried out either at the invitation of the district nurse, or by contacting the clinic at the place of attachment on your own. You must have an identification card with you.
To complete the prescribed screening tests, an employee can take advantage of the right to social leave (in whole or in part for a total of 3 days), while maintaining the average salary.