Screening is a preventive medical examination of healthy individuals of a certain age to identify risk factors and diseases at an early stage.
Screening examinations help to identify the disease at an early stage or a predisposition to it, to choose the optimal treatment and to prescribe a set of preventive measures.
To whom, where and for what it is necessary to undergo a screening examination, we will tell in this material.
Screening examinations of the adult population are aimed at early detection and prevention:
The patient passes a screening test: answers questions about nutrition, the presence of bad habits, the level of physical activity, hereditary diseases, etc.
The patient's height and weight are immediately measured, the Kettle index is determined, the level of cholesterol and sugar in the blood is determined by the express method, blood pressure and intraocular pressure are measured.
Further, if necessary, the doctor prescribes a referral for further examination or consultation with a narrow specialist.
After the patient has been examined in the screening room (for early detection of behavioral factors, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma), he is examined for oncopathology (if he is subject to this type of screening by age).
For example, women aged 30 to 70 years in the examination room take a smear for oncocytology, women aged 40 to 70 years undergo mammography for early detection of breast cancer, and men and women aged 50 to 70 years donate feces for hidden blood for early detection of cancer of the thick and rectum.
At the end of the screening study, the doctor, taking into account the conclusions of specialized specialists and laboratory diagnostic studies, determines the following groups of dynamic observation:
- Group 1A-healthy without risk factors: persons who do not present any complaints and who have no history of chronic diseases, risk factors or disorders of the functions of individual organs and systems were detected during the examination;
- Group 1B-healthy with risk factors: persons with identified risk factors, borderline conditions, who need monitoring and preventive intervention (persons who have revealed minor deviations from the established normal limits in terms of blood pressure and other physiological characteristics that do not affect the functional activity of the body);
- group 2-practically healthy: persons with a history of acute and chronic disease without exacerbations during the last 2 years;
- group 3-patients: persons who need dynamic monitoring, treatment and rehabilitation.
Healthy (group 1A, group 1B) and practically healthy (group 2) individuals undergo:
- subsequent screening study in the organization of the APP according to the frequency of the corresponding screening study;
- health improvement in the office of a healthy lifestyle, the school on the profile of diseases of the organizations of the APP and the service of a healthy lifestyle.
Persons with chronic diseases identified during examinations are subject to registration and dynamic monitoring according to the list of chronic diseases, followed by a set of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at restoring, improving and strengthening health.
When acute diseases are detected, an examination and treatment are carried out, followed by an assessment of the state of health until complete recovery.
Screenings are conducted for specific diseases and for certain age groups. Screening is carried out in 2 age categories:
1. Children aged 0 to 18 years. Children undergo a routine check-up every year until they reach adulthood. Pre-school children, schoolchildren, students of secondary specialized educational institutions and students under 18 years of age are examined by a visiting team in educational organizations.
Examination of children who do not attend preschool institutions is carried out in a polyclinic or family health center.
2. Adults between the ages of 30 and 70.
The examination takes place even in the absolute absence of any symptoms-solely for confidence in your health.
Screenings are completely free. The financing of preventive examinations is carried out at the expense of the OSMS, so to pass the screening, you must have the status of insurance.
To pass the screening, you need to contact the polyclinic at the place of attachment. For this purpose, each primary health care service has screening rooms. You must have an ID card with you.
Upon passing the established screening tests, the employee is released for the duration of the screening by payment according to average earnings.
Since 2022, screenings for the rural population have been introduced - Additional target groups of people subject to screening studies: