The budget legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is valid throughout the territory of the Republic and applies to all individuals and legal entities.
The budget consists of two interrelated parts: revenue, which contains a list of incoming funds and expenditure, which reflects the direction of spending funds.
Budget planning is an important tool and is aimed at using budget funds taking into account the priorities of the socio-economic policy of the region to achieve direct and final socially significant results.
The main principles are: continuity, priority, validity, objectivity.
To develop forecast data on budget receipts, indicators characterizing the volume of receipts, taking into account the dynamics relative to the previous reporting period, are used as initial data.
When forecasting the budget, such tasks as its impact on the economy of the region, ensuring the consistency of financial resources with state and budget programs, sources of deficit coverage are solved, i.e. it is necessary to be guided by the principle of balancing budget revenues and expenditures. This means that the amount of budgeted expenses should correspond to the total amount of income.
The basis of budget revenues are payments in the form of taxes and fees. All legal entities located on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, regardless of ownership forms, as well as citizens, in accordance with the current legislation, are involved in the payment of taxes, fees and mandatory payments to the budget, and are responsible for the completeness and timeliness of their payment.
The largest share in the structure of income is occupied by tax revenues. Tax receipts according to the Tax Code are taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget, and are characterized by more stable patterns. In accordance with the Budget Code, about 14 types are included in the tax revenues of all types of budgets, certain types are assigned to the corresponding budget levels.
The main sources of formation of local budgets are corporate, individual income and social taxes, as well as property taxes.
The main payers of corporate income tax are large enterprises of the manufacturing industry, transport and communications, therefore, the largest share of receipts under this code is accumulated in cities. The main share of individual income and social tax revenues falls on district centers, the main share of property taxes falls on level 4 budgets.
The next type of payments are non-tax receipts. In the structure of non-tax revenues, the largest weight falls on the income from the rental of property in communal ownership. According to the results of audit activities, the facts of the provision of state property, in particular apartments of the state housing fund, are revealed on a gratuitous basis, which leads to budget losses.
The most important task is the execution of the budget, i.e. ensuring full and timely receipt of taxes and other payments in general and for each source. For these purposes, local executive bodies should be interested in increasing resources by increasing the efficiency of production and services in economic sectors and spheres of activity, as well as disclosing additional sources. For these purposes, it is necessary to improve tax administration, create conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity, create a favorable investment climate for the expansion of production in order to increase jobs, carry out constant work on the identification and timely registration of taxable objects.