The investment of pension assets is managed by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NBRK) and, since 2021, by licensed investment portfolio managers (IPMs) that meet the requirements of the authorized body. The primary objective of this fiduciary management of pension savings is to invest in various financial instruments and generate income. Pension asset managers—both the NBRK and IPMs—maintain their own investment strategies and independently determine the structure of their investment portfolios within the framework of their investment declarations.