The Department of Emergency Situations recalls the rules of fire safety in educational institutions.
All the general rules of fire safety in schools that exist today are a set of measures developed by state bodies, as well as the administrative apparatus of the educational institution itself. The purpose of this set of rules is the fullest possible protection of students, school employees, personal and school property from fire.
What are the main causes of school fires?
- The main reason is careless handling of fire, violation of fire safety rules, childish prank with fire. It is necessary to carry out preventive work not only with administrative staff, but also with children. In this direction, our employees regularly work intensively. Teachers, school staff and students themselves must know what to do in case of a fire or smoke alarm. This is a guarantee that no one will die in the event of a fire. However, in case of emergency situations, the staff does not always respond properly. In case of emergencies, the staff already, as a rule, knows how to act. Therefore, employee training is very important.
What are the most common violations of fire safety requirements?
- These violations are of a traditional nature. For example, malfunction of automatic fire alarm systems, insufficient provision of primary fire extinguishing means, violations of the requirements for evacuation routes, electrical wiring connections are made by mechanical twisting instead of soldering, compression, special clamps, work on measuring the insulation resistance of electrical wires and cables, fire-retardant treatment of wooden attic structures, there are no or non-working sources of fire water supply, violations committed during the operation of evacuation routes.
Having formulated the basic rules of fire safety at school for students, which they learn in the learning process. It should be emphasized that full-fledged fire safety in this case is not just a set of some rules that you just need to learn. Teachers and parents must carefully ensure that all students master these rules and use them in everyday life. Children are not just taught, they are also brought up, instilling in them the skills of proper handling of fire, telling and showing how to behave in a fire, and what actions should not be taken in any case.
Rules and behavior in case of fire at the school.
It is very important for the teacher and the class teacher to conduct safety briefings for schoolchildren on time. Briefings are conducted with students before various events, trips, when performing certain work at school.
But teachers must protect students not only during their stay at school, but also during the children's stay on the street, in the woods, on the water, at home, etc.
To do this, it is necessary to conduct targeted safety briefings for children at extracurricular activities, study the rules of behavior, safety and labor protection with children.
Before performing certain public works, students are instructed on labor protection.
Rules of evacuation in case of fire at school
If a fire is detected, immediately call firefighters and rescuers by calling 101 or 112. You can call 112 from a mobile phone, even if there is no SIM card. It is necessary to specify the exact address and floor and, if possible, send someone to meet them.
Close the door to the room where the fire is located. Remember that the speed of fire propagation is very high. Report the fire to the school principal and, on his command, begin evacuation.
Students, having heard the alarm about the fire, according to the instructions of the teacher, must leave the classroom and the school building two by two, gathering in one gathering place. The gathering place should be known to everyone in advance, usually it is a playground next to the school. Don't go anywhere!
In case of heavy smoke, be sure to use respiratory protection against carbon monoxide: cotton gauze bandages, handkerchiefs moistened with water.
A teacher with a class magazine follows the students and closes the doors behind him on the way.
The teacher conducts a roll call of children according to the magazine, reports on its results to the school director.
Carrying out evacuation.
Every teacher and student should be ready to act in an extreme situation. First of all, it is necessary to evacuate people from the school.
The school administration develops an evacuation plan in advance in case of a fire, studies it with the school staff and periodically works out actions with children. If there is a fire in the school, it is necessary to form a column of two people at the command of the teacher. Evacuation should be carried out along pre-determined routes under the guidance of classroom teachers or teachers conducting classes in the classroom. At the same time, the teacher should take a training journal with him to check the availability of students. The most physically prepared boys are put in the rear. Move at a brisk pace, but don't run. If there is smoke on the evacuation routes, it is necessary to cover the respiratory organs with a handkerchief and move bent over.
The main escape routes are stairwells and stationary fire escapes. Sometimes, to remove children from smoke-filled rooms to a safe place, non-smoking rooms located in the opposite part of the building are used, followed by their removal from the building. High school students can help teachers in the evacuation of primary school children (help them get dressed, take them to a warm room, etc.).
The collection of evacuated children is carried out in a pre-determined place. This is usually the school yard. After leaving school for fresh air, do not run away. Line up by class. You will be checked by logs and in the absence of any of the students will inform the fire service and organize a search. Schoolchildren are placed, especially in winter, in the nearest warm rooms, which should be provided in advance.
Do not try to extinguish a fire in a smoky room, even low density. This can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning (carbon monoxide!) The content of only 0.1-0.5% carbon monoxide in the air leads to loss of consciousness and instant death. Take care of yourself, your students, children and school property.
