Seed production is the basis for increasing crop yiel

Seed production is a branch allocated in agriculture, on an industrial scale engaged in the reproduction of seeds with the preservation of qualities such as yield and purity.
Tasks of seed production
• reproduction of high-quality varietal seed material for breeding bred varieties of agricultural plants in accordance with the needs of agricultural enterprises;
• preservation of important qualities of seed material (purity and yield);
• improvement of the yield and biological qualities of the best varieties of agricultural plants;
• the task of improving the variety cultivated in production.
The tasks of seed production determine the content of activities in this area:
• change of varieties (variety exchange), aimed at replacing old varieties recognized as obsolete during the state varietal examination, with new ones with better properties and yield indicators;
• renewal of varieties (variety renewal), which involves the replacement of seed material with deteriorated properties with higher-quality seed material of the same variety.
These tasks are solved with the help of breeders' works. The varieties and hybrids obtained as a result of breeding with high yields are grown in seed fields, are examined and introduced into mass agricultural production.
The quality of the bred varieties of seed material is determined by varietal characteristics and sowing indicators, purity, germination, fullness, absence of diseases. From the point of view of the purity of varieties, the seed material belongs to the following categories:
• I (purity of the variety 99.5% or more);
• II (at least 98%);
• III (at least 95%).
The leading enterprises for the production of seeds in the region are "East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station" LLP and "Experimental farm of oilseeds" LLP.
East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station LLP is a leading scientific institution of agricultural profile in the east of Kazakhstan. The East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station LLP has 7 scientific departments, in which scientific research, selection and seed production of agricultural crops, development and implementation of improved technologies of breeding and breeding work, production and processing of products of maral breeding and beekeeping have been carried out for many years.
Today they are engaged in the selection of sunflower, soybeans, soft spring and winter wheat, winter rye, and fodder crops such as esparcet, bonfire.
Breeding nurseries, nurseries of competitive and ecological testing, nurseries of preliminary selection, etc. are laid annually, which is an integral part of the creation of new varieties of agricultural crops (cereals, oilseeds, fodder). Work is also underway to preserve the gene pool of agricultural crops (sunflower, soy), which is the basis of breeding work.
Breeding achievements were achieved in the production of sunflower of the Patriot variety with a yield of up to 35 c/ha, sunflower of the Dostyk variety with a yield of up to 30-35 c/ha, soft winter wheat of the Nur-38 variety with a yield of up to 70 c/ha
LLP "Experimental farm of oilseeds"" is engaged in the selection of soybeans, sunflower and grain crops, is the originator of varieties and hybrids, conducts their primary and industrial seed production.
The seed base is represented by the following varieties: seeds of classic sunflower hybrids: Agribusiness 2050, Batyr, Kazakhstansky 465; soybean seeds, elite reproductions, varieties: Atameken, Otan plus, Progress; spring wheat seeds, elite reproductions, varieties Daria, Courier, Barys, Ashenka; winter wheat seeds, elite reproductions, varieties: Brigade, Bezostaya 100, Thunder, Marquis, Soberbash, Timiryazevka 150, Ethnos. The average yield ranges from 20 to 35 c/ha.
To propagate genetically pure seeds of the lines-parent forms of sunflower hybrids, mesh group insulators are used, to which drip irrigation with digital control is connected.
The use of higher reproductions in the production of seeds allows you to get an increase in the yield of 10-15%