DEFINITIONS
This manual uses the following definitions:
An anti-corruption culture is a quality of personality that includes knowledge of the harmfulness of corruption to the welfare and security of society; it is the state of a soldier who not only does not want to put up with manifestations of corruption, but seeks to eliminate this phenomenon. In General, the anti-corruption culture is a set of values and abilities aimed at showing an active civil position against corruption.
Anti-corruption policy – legal, administrative and organizational measures aimed at reducing corruption risks, increasing public confidence in the activities of state bodies, and other measures in accordance with the Law "on anti-corruption".
Anti-corruption education is a continuous process of education and training for the purposes of moral, intellectual, cultural development and civic anti-corruption personality.
Anti-corruption restrictions – restrictions established by the Law "on anti-corruption" and aimed at preventing corruption offenses.
Official –a person who permanently, temporarily or by special authority performs the functions of a representative of the government or performs organizational and administrative or administrative-economic functions in state bodies, quasi-public sector entities,local self-government bodies, as well as in the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Corruption – illegal use by persons holding a responsible public office, persons authorized to perform public functions, persons equated to persons authorized to perform public functions, officials of their official (official) powers and related opportunities in order to obtain or extract personally or through intermediaries property (non-property) benefits and advantages for themselves or third parties, as well as bribery of these persons by providing benefits and advantages.
A corruption offense is an illegal or guilty act (action or omission) that has signs of corruption and is subject to administrative or criminal liability under the law.
Corruption risk – the possibility of causes and conditions that contribute to the Commission of corruption offenses.
Conflict of interests – a conflict between the personal interests of persons holding a responsible public office, persons authorized to perform public functions, persons equated to them, officials and their official powers, in which the personal interests of these persons may lead to improper performance of their official powers.
Prevention of corruption– the activity of anti-corruption subjects to study, identify, limit and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to the Commission of corruption offenses, by developing and implementing a system of preventive measures.
Anti-corruption – the activities of anti-corruption entities within their powers to prevent corruption, including the formation of an anti-corruption culture in society, identify and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to the Commission of corruption offenses, as well as to identify, suppress, disclose and investigate corruption offenses, eliminate their consequences.
INTRODUCTION
The anti-corruption policy of our state is at the stage of major transformations. Prevention of corruption, elimination of causes and conditions that create it, creating an atmosphere of intolerance to any manifestations of corruption and forming anti-corruption culture are the key areas within the overall concept of security and stability of the state.
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbaev in the Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050" notes: "The state and society must stand together against corruption. Corruption is not just a crime. It undermines confidence in the effectiveness of the state and is a direct threat to national security. We must dramatically strengthen the fight against corruption, including by improving anti - corruption legislation, in order to achieve our ultimate goal-to eradicate corruption as a phenomenon"[1].
It should be noted that Kazakhstan has seen steady progress and positive dynamics in the fight against corruption, as evidenced by the indicators of international ratings.According to the transparency international corruption perception index, Kazakhstan in 2016 scored 29 points, taking 131 places, in 2017 it scored 31 points, took 122nd place out of 180 countries studied, also improved positions on indicators "Informal payments and bribes" by 19 positions, "Illegal use of public funds" - by 9 positions[2].
The successful implementation of the anti-corruption policy was made possible by the creation of an institutional and legal framework for fighting corruption in Kazakhstan,the basis of which includes a rational combination of new legal mechanisms, anti-corruption education, education and upbringing.
In this context, 2015 was a year of reforms for Kazakhstan and marked the next stage of modernization of anti-corruption policy.
The Plan of the nation became a legal prerequisite for creating an effective legal mechanism in the state in the fight against corruption and determining the direction of further activities of Central state bodies
"100 concrete steps", adopted on the initiative of the Head of state.
In Kazakhstan, taking into account the best international experience, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on combating corruption" and the anti-Corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025 have been developed and adopted.
Large-scale work with the participation of domestic and foreign experts, scientists and public institutions, representatives of state bodies allowed for the first time in the national legislation to define a new format for anti-corruption work, to introduce new concepts of "corruption" and "anti-corruption culture", to fix anti-corruption restrictions for all public servants and quasi-public sector entities.
If earlier the system of fighting corruption was more focused on tightening the legal norms and penalties, now the focus is shifted to prevention, combining the efforts of the state and society in minimizing corruption.
To eliminate the causes and conditions of corruption in the public and private sector, the following institutions of corruption prevention have been introduced at the legislative level::
- anti-corruption monitoring and analysis of corruption risks (external and internal);
- anti-corruption education;
- anti-corruption restrictions and standards;
- financial control measures.
The military sector has also become an exception to the preservation and strengthening of the system of values reflecting intolerance to corruption in Kazakhstan's society and the formation of an anti-corruption culture.
Thus, according to the National report on anti-corruption submitted to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the highest level of public confidence is shown in the Supreme Court, the national security Committee, the National Bank and the Ministry of defense[3].
In the Armed Forces, since the implementation of the anti-Corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025, there has been a decrease in the number of corruption crimes in 2015 compared to 2014 by 21%, in 2016 - by 7% and in 2017 - by 24%[4].
Taking into account that the activities of the Ministry of defense departments are characterized by significant specifics that do not imply a high level of openness, the main focus of anti-corruption activities is on internal control, aimed at constant monitoring and taking measures to prevent corruption.
Thus, the modernization of anti-corruption policy is directly related to the introduction in Kazakhstan of the Institute for the formation of an anti-corruption culture, which is understood as continuous (throughout life) anti-corruption education and education of citizens.
At the present stage, the adoption of comprehensive educational and informational measures for various target groups is aimed at developing a culture of intolerance to corruption in society and introducing models of anti-corruption behavior.