Kazakhstan’s multi–vector policy in action is key to effective cooperation
Throughout its years of sovereignty, Kazakhstan has steadfastly pursued a multi-faceted and pragmatic foreign policy. With unwavering dedication, the nation has made substantive contributions to both the global and regional landscapes, particularly in matters of security, cooperation, and development. Having successfully resolved all territorial issues, Kazakhstan stands as a staunch advocate for the preservation of the territorial integrity of all nations, resolutely upholding the principles enshrined in the UN Charter.
Kazakhstan actively works to establish itself as a responsible global partner. It is a key element in the geopolitical and geo-economic landscape of the Eurasian continent and an active proponent of enhancing cooperation in the Central Asian region.
At the forefront of its foreign policy endeavours lies an unwavering commitment to multilateral diplomacy. Presently, Kazakhstan holds the prestigious mantle of leadership in six esteemed international organizations: the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Organisation of Turkic States (OTS), the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), the Islamic Organisation for Food Security (IOFS), and the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS). As a founding member of each and the architect behind several, Kazakhstan wields considerable influence in shaping the discourse of the global stage.
Kazakhstan stands as an active participant within the United Nations, a commitment spanning over three decades. Throughout its tenure, the nation has played a pivotal role in upholding global peace and security. A watershed moment occurred with Kazakhstan's election as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for the 2017-2018 term, signifying a historic milestone in its UN engagement.
In the realm of international security, Kazakhstan has made significant strides, particularly in advancing initiatives for nuclear disarmament. A notable endeavour is the nation's proactive stance towards establishing an International Agency for Biological Safety.
Astana. Kazakhstan.
A highlight on the multilateral stage was President Tokayev's participation in the 78th session of the UN General Assembly. Serving as co-chair in the first Dialogue of the Summit on Sustainable Development Goals underscored Kazakhstan's commitment to global sustainability. During discussions with UN Secretary-General António Guterres, the proposal to establish a joint contact group for the creation of the UN Regional Centre for Sustainable Development Goals in Almaty was put forth.
Further solidifying its international presence, Kazakhstan welcomed UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, in Astana, reaffirming its active engagement in the realm of human rights advocacy. Notably, Kazakhstan's representation at the World Climate Action Summit in Dubai during the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP-28) in December 2023 marked the first time the nation was represented at the Head of State level.
Looking ahead, Kazakhstan continues to demonstrate its commitment to global environmental issues. Plans for the Regional Climate Summit in Kazakhstan in 2026, under the auspices of the United Nations, and the "One Water Summit" in partnership with France, slated for the sidelines of the 79th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2024, further exemplify the nation's proactive stance towards addressing pressing global challenges.
Under President Tokayev's leadership, cooperation among Central Asian nations has significantly bolstered, augmenting the region's international influence. As Central Asia asserts itself globally, the strategic importance of the Central Asian Five continues to grow.
Realizing its potential, the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia has intensified institutional dialogue, with Kazakhstan prioritizing regional cooperation and security for the 2024 Chairmanship.
In 2023, cooperation within the framework of CA+ (C5+) notably intensified. For the first time, summit-level formats of the region’s countries with key partners were launched - “CA+” with China, the USA, the EU, Germany, the CCASG, and the Foreign Ministries Meetings with the Russian Federation, the United States of America, the OSCE, India, and South Korea.
Kazakhstan's humanitarian efforts are underscored by its commitment to international assistance, with $600 million allocated through the Kazakhstan International Development Agency (KazAID).
For two decades, Kazakhstan has hosted the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, fostering inter-civilizational dialogue globally. The inclusion of Kazakhstan in the list of "Middle Powers" by the German Foundation for Science and Politics bolsters investment, credit rating, and political confidence.
Deepening its strategic partnership, Kazakhstan continues to engage with the United States. Discussions between President Tokayev and President Biden in 2023 outlined new avenues of cooperation, culminating in President Tokayev's participation in the inaugural Summit of Central Asian leaders and the United States in September 2023, hosted by President Biden on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly.
The past year saw significant strides in Kazakhstan's relations with European countries. During the state visit of German Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, key events unfolded, including the inaugural economic forum, a joint project for green hydrogen production, and the establishment of the Kazakh-German Institute of Sustainable Engineering. President Tokayev's discussions during his official visit to Germany resonated strongly, particularly at the Berlin Global Dialogue Forum and the 1st "Central Asia + Germany" Summit.
French President Emmanuel Macron's first official visit to Kazakhstan underscored the strategic ties between Astana and Paris. Discussions centered on developing a strategic partnership, resulting in agreements in energy, education, health, and international development.
Fruitful developments also characterize Kazakhstan's relations with the United Kingdom, as highlighted by UK Foreign Minister James Cleverly's visit. The 7th Kazakhstan-UK Strategic Dialogue addressed various sectors including renewable energy, transport, logistics, ecology, and health.
A boost in bilateral economic relations followed President Tokayev's visit to Italy, with 18 agreements signed in sectors such as oil and gas, energy, transport, construction, and agriculture, amounting to over $1.5 billion in joint investment projects.
Kazakhstan and Portugal share diplomatic ties marked by mutual cooperation in trade, culture, and education. Despite geographical distance, both nations have seen growth in economic relations, particularly in trade, tourism and renewable sectors. Cultural exchanges, including art exhibitions and film festivals, enhance mutual understanding. In education, initiatives like student exchanges and joint research projects promote collaboration between universities. Overall, the relationship reflects a shared commitment to strengthening bilateral ties across multiple domains.
During the sidelines of the 78th Session of the UN General Assembly, President Tokayev convened with President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa of Portugal. Both leaders underscored the strong and amicable relations between their respective nations, along with their mutually advantageous cooperation. They highlighted the substantial potential for augmenting comprehensive ties, particularly in investment, water management, tourism, and various other sectors. Of particular focus was the bolstering of collaboration in digitalization efforts.
Establishing an effective communication channel on sanctions policy with Western partners, Kazakhstan is increasingly becoming a key trade and economic partner for Europe, ensuring energy security.
In 2023, Kazakhstan's trade turnover with EU countries reached $41.4 billion, with Italy, the Netherlands, France, and Germany among its largest partners. Kazakhstan remains one of the EU's major oil exporters, with exports totaling 46.6 million tonnes in 2023, constituting 66% of its total oil exports.
Kazakhstan is focused on advancing economic diplomacy by integrating cutting-edge technologies. Notably, collaborations with the EU and the USA in critical raw materials and renewable energy sectors have been strengthened, evident in memorandums signed between Kazakhstan and the EU, as well as with the US Geological Agency.
In 2023, Kazakhstan's foreign trade turnover totaled $139.8 billion, marking a 3.2% increase from the previous year. China, Russia, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey were among its primary trade partners. Furthermore, the European Union accounted for $41.4 billion in trade.
With an open approach to attracting investments, Kazakhstan has become a magnet for foreign direct investment (FDI). The top European contributors include the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, France, Germany, and Great Britain, with over 40 companies relocating, bringing projects worth over $1.5 billion.
Amid geopolitical shifts, Kazakhstan is emerging as a pivotal trade and logistics hub in Eurasia. Its involvement in initiatives like the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, the EU Global Gate Project, and the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route has positioned it as a key trade route, with over 80% of goods exported to Europe from China and Central Asia transiting through Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is actively transitioning towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Collaborations with entities like the German-Swedish Svevind Energy Group and projects such as the construction of a 1 GW wind farm in the Zhambyl region underline this commitment. Plans for a wind power plant in the Zhetysu region in partnership with Saudi Arabia further exemplify Kazakhstan's dedication to sustainable energy.
The Astana International Financial Centre continues to attract global investors, with over 2,500 companies from 78 countries registered by the end of 2023, offering unparalleled business opportunities.
Daulet Batrashev is a career diplomat within the Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Following his education at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan, he embarked on a diverse career path.
His journey included stints at the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the United Kingdom and leadership roles within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Batrashev's career highlights encompassed significant appointments such as Ambassador-at-Large of the Central Office of the Ministry, Consul General, and Charge d'Affaires to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He also served as Counsellor to the Chairman of the Senate of the Parliament of Kazakhstan.
One of his most notable achievements was his role as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Romania, where he played a key role in fostering bilateral relations. Since September 2019, Batrashev has continued his diplomatic endeavors as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Portugal, overseeing the Embassy in Lisbon.