Timely technical inspection of lifting mechanisms
Lifting cranes subject to registration in the territorial subdivision of the authorized body in the field of industrial safety, a full technical inspection is carried out before they are registered.
Lifting cranes that are already in operation, technical inspections are carried out in the following terms:
partial – at least once every 12 months;
full – at least once every 3 years, with the exception of rarely used cranes (cranes for servicing machine halls of electric and pumping stations, compressor units, other lifting mechanisms used only for equipment repairs).
Rarely used lifting cranes complete technical inspection is carried out at least once every 5 years. The assignment of cranes to the category of rarely used is made by the owner or the head of the organization.
An extraordinary full technical inspection of lifting cranes is carried out after:
installation caused by the installation of a lifting crane at a new location;
reconstruction of the lifting crane;
repair of metal structures of the crane with replacement of design elements or assemblies;
installation of replacement boom equipment or boom replacement;
overhaul or replacement of cargo (boom) winch;
hook or hook suspension replacements (static tests only);
replacement of load-bearing or cable-stayed ropes of cable type cranes;
installation of a portal crane at a new place of work.
Technical inspection of lifting cranes is organized by the owner or the head of the operating organization.
The technical inspection is carried out by an engineering and technical worker supervising the safe operation of lifting cranes with the participation of an engineering and technical worker responsible for the maintenance of cranes in good condition.
The technical examination aims to establish that:
the lifting crane and its installation at the place of work comply with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions and these Rules;
the lifting crane is in good condition and ensures safe operation of moving cargo;
the organization of the system of production control and supervision, maintenance of the lifting crane complies with the requirements of these Rules.
With a full technical inspection, the crane is subjected to:
inspection;
static testing;
dynamic testing.
In case of partial technical inspection, static and dynamic tests of the lifting crane are not carried out.
Static testing of a lifting crane is carried out with a load 25% higher than its load capacity in order to determine the strength of the metal structure of the crane and its elements.
Static tests of an overhead crane and a mobile cantilever crane are carried out as follows. The crane is installed above the supports of the crane tracks, its trolley (trolleys) - in the position corresponding to the greatest deflection. With a hook or a device replacing it, the load is captured and lifted to a height of 100-200 mm, followed by exposure in this position for 10 minutes.
After 10 minutes, the load is lowered, after which the absence of residual deformation of the metal structure of the crane bridge is checked.
The crane is considered to have passed the static test if the lifted load does not fall to the ground within 10 minutes, cracks, residual deformation or other damage to the metal structure and mechanisms are not detected.
Dynamic tests of a lifting crane are carried out with a load 10% higher than the lifting capacity of the crane and is aimed at identifying hidden defects in the crane mechanisms.
During dynamic tests, lifting and lowering of the load is carried out repeatedly, as well as checking the operation of all lifting crane mechanisms when combining the working movements provided for in the operating instructions.
Technical inspection of cranes that have fulfilled the standard service life is carried out after their examination by a specialized expert organization according to the Instructions on the organization and procedure for conducting a survey of the technical condition of lifting machines that have fulfilled the standard service life, in order to determine the possibility of their further operation