Safe operation of automobile cranes during the production of works

The main purpose of an automobile crane is loading and unloading operations. Persons who have undergone special training and received a permit from the qualification commission for the right to operate a lifting crane are allowed to work on automobile cranes. Work on an automobile crane is reduced to performing the following basic operations: preparing for departure, driving, preparing for work, performing work operations, bringing the crane into a transport position.

To ensure compliance with safety regulations, the crane owner or operating organization appoints responsible persons by order, which include:

person supervising the safe operation of lifting cranes;

the person responsible for the maintenance of lifting cranes in good condition;

the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes (at each work site and in each shift).

Cranes are an indispensable component of the production process, with their help, mechanization of various technological processes takes place.

For automobile cranes, the position of outriggers and the boom departure must be taken into account. When operating a lifting crane, the requirements set out in the passport and the operating instructions of the crane are observed.

Compared with other types of lifting cranes, automobile cranes are distinguished by the independence of movement within the construction site, the possibility of operational relocation of the crane from one to another object, the possibility of changing boom equipment, which allows the crane to be used for various types of work and quickly change its parameters.

However, being a source of increased danger, increased requirements are put forward for the operation of such special equipment. Work carried out by cranes near power lines is often associated with increased danger. This is confirmed by the analysis of injuries during the work with the use of cranes. In most cases, electric shock occurs when the crane boom not only affects the power transmission wires, but is also located at a close distance from it - 0.5-1.2 m. Also, an accident can occur when a person who is near a working car crane falls under the influence of step voltage.

All of the above puts the work performed near power lines on a par with the most dangerous work. As a result of targeted inspections of organizations that were carried out near power lines, it was found that in many cases these works occur with gross violations. For example, additional instruction is not carried out, work permits are not issued, places of work are not fenced, and so on. Such an attitude can lead to serious accidents.

It must be remembered that the work with automobile cranes should be carried out no closer than 30 meters from the electrical lines, only in this case the safety of the work will be ensured. It should also be noted that the risk of electric shock on automobile cranes is reduced, in the case of their equipment with devices such as ASON, which signal the approach of the crane to the power line.

The danger of falling loads is also one of the most dangerous problems when operating automobile cranes. Most often, this is due to incorrect fixation of the load, due to the rupture of the rope, malfunction of the lifting equipment.

To ensure safety, it is necessary to carry out regular inspection of the crane and additional devices, observe the operating rules, safety precautions. At the same time, various unforeseen incidents can be avoided. Before purchasing and operating a crane, owners need to fully familiarize themselves with and comply with the "Rules for ensuring Industrial Safety in the operation of lifting mechanisms.

In accordance with Article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Civil Protection", owners of hazardous technical devices are obliged to organize and carry out production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements; to register, de-register in the territorial subdivision of the authorized body in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities.