The Ministry of Labor proposes to prepare the tax and social system for "flexible" employment
New forms of labor relations and changes in values seriously change the face of work, where traditional work, full employment, and a clear physical link to a specific location are considered as restrictions and therefore pass into the category of vestiges of the past. Instead, flexible and mobile forms of employment are developed, allowing employees to regulate their own schedule, place of work and combine several types of activities in parallel.
Kazakhstan must be prepared for the upcoming changes.
Despite the insufficient prevalence of flexible work regimes for employees of enterprises, in Kazakhstan, there is a development of a gig economy. Evidence of this is the proliferation of companies operating on online platforms such as Yandex Taxi.
To support the development of these processes, it is necessary to adjust the regulatory framework of the labor market in order to support more diverse employment options and encourage employers offering flexible forms of employment; respond to the expectations of workers in terms of greater satisfaction with working conditions, forms of compensation, etc .; prepare the tax and social security systems for the changing nature of work regimes - the spread of self-employment, multiple employment, etc.
According to experts, flexible employment models have a positive effect on the dynamics of the labor market due to such factors as productivity growth of workers with flexible forms of employment, for example, by 30% in British Telecom; the expansion of personal reserve, which organizations can turn to when hiring; increasing the diversity of the workforce, which has a positive effect on corporate culture; with flexible forms of employment, the incidence decreases from 12% to 2%; Companies can work outside the standard schedule 9: 00-18: 00.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the effect of changes on labor markets in developing countries, including Kazakhstan, will be slower than in developed ones. If in developed countries, the implications for future jobs are the prospect of the next 5 years, for developing countries from 8 to 10 years. This is due to the slower introduction of new technologies in developing countries.
Named three global challenges facing the labor market.
They can lead to radical changes in the labor market, exacerbating the imbalance of demand and supply of labor. These are technology development and digitalization; changes in the distribution of labor resources; New forms of labor relations and values of labor.
Changes in the labor market are influenced by global trends of a social, technological, economic, environmental and political nature. They influence the development of the labor market in the world in general and in Kazakhstan in particular. The consequences of these changes are reflected in all participants of the labor market - employers, citizens, governments of countries - in terms of job creation, security and professional structure of the labor force.
As is known, the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century gave impetus to the development of new technologies. This was facilitated by the rapid growth of computing power, which doubles every two years, and its cost is reduced by 75% every three years. This gives impetus to the development and accelerated the spread of other technologies. These are mobile Internet and cloud technologies, the growth of computing power and "big data", new technologies and sources of energy, Internet of things, sharing and crowdsourcing economics, robotics and autonomous transport, artificial intelligence, Industry 4.0 and 3D printing.
Automation and digitization extend to all aspects of people's lives and enterprises, and entail increased productivity and changes in business models and processes, leading to the disappearance, alteration, and emergence of jobs, employment functions, and occupations.
The Forum “The Future of the Labor Market: New Opportunities” was organized by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population together with the Association “Kazakhstan Council of Foreign Investors” in the Republic of Kazakhstan (AKCFI).
This is the first thematic platform to discuss the prospects for the development of employment and the social sphere in Kazakhstan in the context of dynamic changes in the global labor market in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution.