On Radiation Safety of the Population

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On Radiation Safety of the Population

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 23, 1998 No. 219.

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Note. Throughout the text, the words "полномочные", "полномочных", "Полномочные", "полномочным", "полномочными" have been replaced by the words "уполномоченные", "уполномоченных", "Уполномоченные", "уполномоченным", "уполномоченными" respectively, by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 10.01.2011 No. 383-IV (comes into force ten calendar days after its first official publication).

This Law regulates public relations in the field of ensuring radiation safety of the population, with the aim of protecting its health from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Article 1. Basic Concepts Used in this Law

The following basic concepts are used in this Law:

intervention level - the value of the preventable dose, upon reaching which, in cases of chronic or emergency exposure situations, protective or post-accident measures are taken;

effective dose - the value of absorbed energy of ionizing radiation, used as a measure of the risk of long-term consequences of exposure to the human body and its individual organs, taking into account their radiosensitivity;

controlled area - a territory where special rules for radiation control, access, and residence of people are in effect;

ionizing radiation - radiation consisting of charged, uncharged particles and photons, which, when interacting with a medium, form ions of different signs;

operating organization – a legal entity engaged in activities related to the handling of nuclear energy use facilities;

personnel – individuals who permanently or temporarily work with sources of ionizing radiation or, due to working conditions, are within the scope of their exposure;

radiation accident - a breach of the safe operation limits of a nuclear energy use facility, resulting in the release of radioactive products and/or ionizing radiation beyond the boundaries provided for by the normal operation design, which could have led or did lead to the exposure of people or radioactive contamination of the environment above established norms;

radiation safety – the state of properties and characteristics of a nuclear energy use facility, ensured by a set of measures limiting radiation exposure to personnel, the population, and the environment, in accordance with the norms established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

radiation protection - a set of radiation-hygienic, design-construction, technical, and organizational measures aimed at ensuring radiation safety;

radiation monitoring - systematic observations of the state of the radiation situation both at facilities using sources of ionizing radiation and in the environment;

natural radiation background - the dose of radiation created by cosmic radiation and the radiation of natural radionuclides naturally distributed in the earth, water, air, other elements of the biosphere, food products, and the human body;

technologically altered radiation background - natural radiation background altered as a result of human activity;

technogenic radiation background - the levels of indicators characterizing the radiation situation minus the levels of the same indicators characterizing the natural radiation background of the given area.

Note. Article 1 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 29.12.2006 No. 209 (see Article 2 for the enactment procedure); with amendments introduced by the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 10.01.2011 No. 383-IV (comes into force ten calendar days after its first official publication); dated 12.01.2016 No. 443-V (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication); dated 25.02.2021 No. 12-VII (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 2. Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Field of Ensuring Radiation Safety

The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of ensuring radiation safety is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, consists of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Use of Atomic Energy", this Law, and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Article 3. Basic Principles of Ensuring Radiation Safety

The basic principles of ensuring radiation safety are:

the principle of regulation - not exceeding permissible limits of individual exposure doses of citizens from all sources of ionizing radiation;

the principle of justification - prohibition of all types of activities involving the use of sources of ionizing radiation, where the benefit obtained for humans and society does not exceed the risk of possible harm caused by exposure additional to the natural radiation background;

the principle of optimization - maintaining individual exposure doses and the number of exposed persons at the lowest possible and achievable level, taking into account economic and social factors, when using any source of ionizing radiation;

the principle of emergency optimization – the form, scale, and duration of measures in emergency (accident) situations must be optimized so that measures to eliminate the consequences of a radiation accident bring more benefit than harm.

Note. Article 3 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 25.02.2021 No. 12-VII (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 4. Ensuring Radiation Safety

Radiation safety is ensured by:

implementing a set of measures of a legal, organizational, engineering-technical, sanitary-hygienic, preventive, educational, general educational, and informational nature;

implementing measures by state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, public associations, individuals, and legal entities to comply with norms and rules in the field of radiation safety;

conducting radiation monitoring throughout the territory of the republic;

implementing programs for the qualitative provision of radiation safety at all levels of practical activity with sources of ionizing radiation.

Note. Article 4 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 03.07.2013 No. 124-V (comes into force ten calendar days after its first official publication).

Chapter 2. State Management, Supervision and Control
in the Field of Ensuring Radiation Safety

Article 5. Competence of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan:

1) develops the main directions of state policy in the field of ensuring radiation safety of the population;

2) performs other functions assigned to it by the Constitution, this Law, other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and acts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Note. Article 5 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 25.02.2021 No. 12-VII (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 6. Competence of State Bodies for Ensuring Radiation Safety

The competence of the authorized state body in the field of atomic energy use includes:

1) implementing state policy in the field of ensuring radiation safety of the population, provided for by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of atomic energy use;

2) developing and approving technical regulations in the field of ensuring radiation safety;

3) developing and approving qualification requirements for personnel employed at nuclear energy use facilities;

4) exercising other powers provided for by this Law, other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, acts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The competence of the state body in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population includes:

1) organizing and exercising state sanitary-epidemiological control and supervision over compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules, hygienic standards, and technical regulations in the field of ensuring radiation safety of the population;

2) exercising other powers provided for by this Law, other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, acts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The authorized body in the field of environmental protection, customs authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, within their competence, ensure radiation safety of the population in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Note. Article 6 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 25.02.2021 No. 12-VII (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 7. State Regulation for Ensuring Radiation Safety

State regulation for ensuring radiation safety is carried out by establishing radiation safety standards, sanitary rules, hygienic standards, construction norms and rules, labor protection rules, methodological, instructional, and other documents on radiation safety. These acts must take into account international standards on radiation safety and must not contradict the provisions of this Law.
Sanitary-epidemiological rules and norms, technical regulations in the sphere of radiation safety are approved in the manner established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Administrative, instructional, methodological, and other documents on radiation safety issues are approved and adopted by authorized state bodies and operating organizations within their competence based on technical regulations in the sphere of radiation safety.

Note. Amendments were made to Article 7 - by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2006 No. 209 (see Article 2 for the enactment procedure).

Article 8. Production Control for Ensuring Radiation Safety

Operating organizations conduct production control to ensure the quality of radiation protection.
The procedure for performing production control in the field of ensuring radiation safety for each operating organization is determined taking into account the specifics and conditions of the work performed by it.
Officials of the operating organization carrying out production control for ensuring radiation protection, upon identifying violations of radiation safety requirements, sanitary rules and hygienic standards, radiation safety rules, construction norms and rules, labor protection rules, administrative, instructional, methodological, and other documents in the field of ensuring radiation safety, apply measures of influence provided for by the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Note. Article 8 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 12.01.2016 No. 443-V (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication); with amendments introduced by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 25.02.2021 No. 12-VII (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Chapter 3. General Requirements for Ensuring
Radiation Safety

Article 9. Requirements for Assessing the State of Radiation Safety

When planning and making decisions in the field of ensuring radiation safety, analyzing their effectiveness by state bodies, local executive bodies of regions, cities of republican significance, the capital, operating organizations, an assessment of radiation safety is conducted to ensure compliance with radiation safety requirements, sanitary rules and hygienic standards in the field of radiation safety.
Assessment of radiation safety is carried out by the state body in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, the authorized body in the field of environmental protection, and the authorized state body in the field of atomic energy use based on:

1) characteristics of radioactive contamination of the environment;

2) analysis of the provision of radiation safety measures and compliance with norms, rules, and hygienic standards in the field of radiation safety;

3) probability of radiation accidents and their scale;

4) degree of readiness for effective liquidation of radiation accidents and their consequences;

5) analysis of exposure doses received by individual population groups from all sources of ionizing radiation;

6) number of persons exposed above the established exposure dose limits.

The results of the radiation safety assessment are analyzed and approved by the authorized state body in the field of atomic energy use.

Note. Article 9 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 20, 2004 No. 13 (comes into force on January 1, 2005); with amendments introduced by the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 29, 2006 No. 209 (see Article 2 for the enactment procedure); dated 12.01.2016 No. 443-V (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 10. Requirements for Ensuring Radiation Safety When Handling Sources of Ionizing Radiation

Operating organizations are obliged to:

comply with the requirements of this Law and other regulatory legal acts in the field of ensuring radiation safety;

plan and implement measures to ensure radiation safety and the security of sources of ionizing radiation;

carry out work to justify the radiation safety of new (modernized) products, materials and substances, technological processes and productions that are sources of ionizing radiation;

carry out systematic production control over the radiation situation at workplaces, in premises, on the territories of organizations, in controlled areas, as well as over the release and discharge of radioactive substances;

conduct regular monitoring and recording of individual exposure doses of personnel;

conduct training and certification of officials and personnel, specialists of production radiation control services, other persons permanently or temporarily performing work with sources of ionizing radiation;

organize preliminary (upon employment) and periodic medical examinations of personnel;

regularly inform personnel about the levels of ionizing radiation at their workplaces and the amount of individual exposure doses they have received;

promptly inform state bodies authorized to exercise state management, supervision, and control in the field of ensuring radiation safety about emergency situations, violations of technological regulations that create a threat to radiation safety;

comply with conclusions, resolutions, instructions of officials of authorized state bodies exercising state management, supervision, and control in the field of ensuring radiation safety;

ensure the realization of citizens' rights in the field of ensuring radiation safety.

Note. Article 10 with amendments introduced by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 12.01.2016 No. 443-V (comes into force ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).

Article 11. Ensuring Radiation Safety When Exposed to Natural Radionuclides

Exposure of the

Дата публикации

31 марта 2026