RECOMMENDATIONS
for carrying out spring field work in the Aktobe region
taking into account the current and expected weather conditions
in the 2020-2021 agricultural year
Introduction
Aktobe region is one of the leading insurance regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the production of agricultural products. This is especially true for the cultivation and production of high-quality raw materials of cereals, cereals, oilseeds based on the effective use of the bioclimatic potential of the region. This allows, taking into account favorable transport logistics, to successfully form and sell consignments of grain and oilseeds both in the domestic market and, taking into account export requirements, in foreign markets (Russia, Belarus, China, the countries of Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Middle and Middle East).
The unpredictability and variability of the climate are a serious obstacle for the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the Aktobe region. So, over the past 30-40 years, the average annual air temperature in Western Kazakhstan, according to various estimates, increased by 1.5-2.00C (including in some months - from 3-5 to 8-120C), which significantly increased the frequency and the duration of droughts, rainstorms, dry winds and other adverse events. This is largely due to the proximity of the Aral region and the consequences of its ecological disaster (dry winds, dusty and even dusty salt storms). The strategy for the development of the plant growing industry in Aktobe region is to ensure stable yields of high-quality products of cultivated crops with a course to reduce dependence on unfavorable weather conditions.
This can be achieved through the improvement of scientifically grounded farming systems and the widespread use of resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops.
Currently, the most important issue for agricultural producers in the region is the organization of the spring sowing campaign. Its holding in 2021 should be built taking into account the peculiarities that developed in the autumn-winter and are expected in the early spring periods of the current agricultural year.
Assessment of the developing agrometeorological conditions
autumn-winter period 2020-2021,
The meteorological situation in the Aktobe region for the period from September 2020 to March 2021 clearly demonstrates the features of the steppe, dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the region, consisting in an extremely uneven (local) distribution of precipitation both over the territory and over the periods of their fallout (by months and seasons). This makes it extremely difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of the actually accumulated soil moisture reserves and their forecast assessment for the near future. So, of paramount importance for agriculture in the dry-steppe and steppe zones of Western Kazakhstan, incl. - The Aktobe region has precipitation accumulated and assimilated during the autumn-winter period.
In general, in the region, the total amount of precipitation in the form of rain and snow for the last 7 months amounted to 121.8 mm, which is 25.8 mm lower than the average long-term data for the same period; at the level of 2020 (118.6 mm); exceeds the March level of 2019 (100.5 mm) and is significantly inferior to the level of 2018 (141.4 mm).
Here it is necessary to provide some clarifications about the calculated indicators of moisture supply in the districts of the Aktobe region. The fact is that in each region there are meteorological stations (MS), agrometeoposts (AMP) or automatic meteorological stations (AMS), conducting observations of meteorological indicators in a certain geolocation, both with the participation of personnel and in automatic mode. Moreover, their number varies by region. So, one MS is available in Alga, Temir. Uilsky, Baiganinsky, Khromtau districts. At the same time, there are from 3 to 5 such points in Aitekebi, Kargalinsky, Martuk, Mugalzhar districts. In the near future, the number of such meteorological stations and posts is planned to be increased to obtain better and more reliable information for the needs of various sectors of the national economy, including the agricultural sector.
To calculate the autumn-winter moisture supply (2020-2021 and previous seasons) of a particular administrative region, the data of all stations and posts located on its territory were taken into account and the average indicators were calculated.
According to data from meteorological stations located in various agricultural zones and agrolandscape areas of the Aktobe region in the period from September 2020 to March 2021, the amount of precipitation varies greatly: from 50-70 mm (Irgiz, Shalkar) to 100-130 mm (Aitekebi , Alginsky, Kobdinsky, Mugalzharsky, Khromtau, Baiganinsky, Temirsky). The highest water supply for the period under review was noted in the following districts of the Aktobe region: Martuk - 147.7 mm; Kargalinsky - 165.5 mm; Uilsky - 171.1 mm, as well as in rural districts of Aktobe (Almaty and Astana districts) - 165.7 mm (table 1).
At the same time, there were sharp fluctuations in the amount of precipitation by months and regions of the region. So, in Septembe