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General Information
Turkestan region is one of the southern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The territory of the Turkestan region is 117.3 thousand hectares.sq. km or 4.3% of the territory of the Republic and is distributed to the south of Kazakhstan in the pre-eastern part of the Turanian border and western borders of the Kyzylorda region, the north of Karaganda region, the east of Zhambyl region and the south of Uzbekistan. The climate type is sharply continental. On January 1, 2022, the population of the region is 2075.1 thousand people. Nation, the average area of the population at 1 sq.km of territory is 17.58 people.
"The Turkestan region is the shortest route between Europe and China, the passage of the International Transport Corridor "" Western Europe - western China"", as well as the corridor ""Shymkent-Tashkent"", which opens the southern countries.
In the region there are 3 cities of regional significance, 14 districts (including 4 cities of regional significance), 174 rural districts, 824 rural areas.
Administrative divisions
The administrative center of the Turkestan region - one of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan with a population of 191.3 thousand people is the city of Turkestan.
It is located 160 km northwest of the city of Shymkent on the Tashkent railway between Kyzylorda and Tashkent.
History of the region and regional centre
Turkestan region has a special significance for the culture and history of Kazakhstan. In ancient times, the Great Silk Road passed here, it was here that such cities as Otrar, Syganak, Sairam, Sauran, Turkestan (Yassy). This region was the birthplace of such great scientists as Al-Farabi and Khoja Ahmet Yassawi.
In March 1932, the South Kazakhstan region was formed, the administrative center of which was the city of Shymkent. From 1962 to 1992, the region was called the Shymkent region. After Kazakhstan gained independence, the South Kazakhstan region was formed, and since June 19, 2018, the Turkestan region. At the same time, the city of Turkestan has been the administrative center of the Turkestan region (formerly South Kazakhstan) since June 19, 2018. The city of Turkestan was founded about 1500 years ago at the intersection of caravan roads north of Khiva, Bukhara and Samarkand. Turkestan became part of the Amir – Temir Empire, and then became the capital of the Kazakh Khanate. In different epochs it was called differently: in the X century-Shavgar, from the XII century-Yassy, and in the XV century it received its current name.
Climate and Nature
The type of climate of the Turkestan region is sharply continental. The region is located in the eastern part of the Turan plain and in the West of the Tien Shan mountain range. Sandstone and clay deserts, flat steppes and mountain ranges adjoin this region. The SyrDarya and Chu are the largest rivers in the region.
To improve the water supply of the region, reservoirs have been built in the Turkestan region: Shardara, Bogen, Kensei-Koskorgan, Kapshagai, Koksarai.
The weather in the region is changeable. Winter is warm, short, summer is long and hot.
In the north, the average temperature in January is 12 ° C, in the south-4-2 ° C, the average temperature in July is +30-35 ° C.
Turkestan region is the region with the highest concentration of deposits and minerals. The republic ranks first in uranium reserves, third in phosphorites and iron ore. In addition, it is rich in barite, coal, polymetallic deposits, mineral raw materials for the production of building materials. Among them are limestone, refractory and bentonite clay, gypsum, quartz sand, granite, marble, etc.
The region also has large reserves of mineral water. The water of the Saryagash sanatorium is the pride of the region. The terminal Mineral Waters of the districts of the region are actively used.
Economy
The Turkestan region harmoniously combines in the economy a developed industrial complex and one of the most developed agricultural sectors in the country.
The region is adapted to the manufacturing industry, occupies 95.9% of the total structure, and the share of the mining industry is 107.1%. The region ranks first in the republic in the production of agricultural products. The leading areas of agricultural management include irrigated agriculture and pasture sheep breeding. The gross domestic product of agriculture in 2021 amounted to 936.7 billion tenge. Of these, 100.9% are in agriculture and cattle breeding, and 103.3% are in animal husbandry.
Turkestan region boasts a high diversification of the agricultural sector. The agricultural production complex of the region is a major producer of cotton, fruit and vegetable, vegetable oil and other products.
Tourism
Tourism is becoming one of the promising sectors of the economy of the Turkestan region. The region is located at the junction of dynamically developing regions of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, important railway lines (Turkestan – Siberia and Orenburg – Tashkent, etc.) pass through the territory of the Turkestan region.
The region is one of the regions of the republic rich in cultural and historical resources. On the territory of the region there are: 1754 historical and cultural monuments, including 1 object of international significance (mausoleum of H.A. Yasavi), 31 objects of republican significance, 421 objects of local significance, 1301 objects from the preliminary list. The territory of the Turkestan region is distinguished not only by monuments of cultural and historical architecture, but also by various interesting natural objects located mainly in the mountainous and foothill areas of the region.
The main objects of ecotourism in the region are specially protected natural areas: Karatau and Aksu-Zhabagli state nature reserves, Sairam-Ugam National Natural Park, Syrdarya-Turkestan Regional Natural Park, as well as some unique natural sites where one-day nature lovers routes are widely developed. These include: Mount Kazygurt, Akbura creek, Qyryq Shilten gorge, Zhlakata, Mashat gorge.
Fans of extreme tourism are waiting for the Kyzylkum sands and mountainous areas of the Tien Shan, mines, mine workings, the Akmkeshit cave, etc. Aksu-Zhabagli and Karatau State nature reserves have the status of a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
The pearl of the Turkestan region is the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi – a unique architectural monument built on the initiative of the great commander Amir Timur, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is an unsurpassed masterpiece of medieval architecture. This is an amazing complex of palaces and partitions, consisting of 30 different halls. The sophistication of the decor, the patterned vaults of the ceilings, the multicolored mosaic amazes. The monument has been restored in its original form and is under the protection of the state. On the territory of the mausoleum there are an oriental bathhouse of the 14th century, the mausoleum of Rabiga Sultan Begim of the 15th century, the underground mosque of the 12th century, the underground mosque of the 16th century, which are part of the historical and cultural reserve-museum.
Hazret Sultan, consisting of Khan orda and mosque of the 12th century. More than 1 million one-day visitors come to the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi every year.