Life and work of Abu Nasr al-Farabi

Abu Nasr al-Farabi was born in 870 in the city of Otrar – the brightest star of the noble sons of the Kazakh steppe, who left a noticeable mark on world science and culture, one of the outstanding thinkers, an encyclopedist, and a leader of the Eastern Renaissance.

Full name Farabi-Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Tarkhan Ibn Uzlah al-Farabi at-Turki. The name Turki is of Turkic origin, al-Farabi is from the city of Farab. His name is Muhammad, his father is Muhammad, his grandfather − Tarkhan, my grandfather Uslag. Sometimes it was simply called "Tarkhani".

For more than a thousand years, from the Tenth century to the present day, the works of our great ancestor have become the source of drinks and beverages of scientists of the world. Miras, who remains a great sage, covers various fields of science and is of high value.

The main theme of Abu Nasr al-Farabi's works is man. The main problems considered by Arabic-speaking philosophers were knowledge, cognition, and the search for truth in the world.

To this end, al-Farabi independently read and analyzed the works of ancient Greek scientists, wrote explanations, developed them further, and wrote treatises. He commented on many of Aristotle's books. Wrote reviews for "Homage" of Ptolemy and "Asoge" Porphyria. "I don't know," he said. I read all the books of Plato.

"A scientist who has not left a scientific legacy is equal to a thunderstorm, a thundercloud," says a wise proverb of the Arab people. Al-Farabi, born of such a winged idea, makes an invaluable contribution to all spheres of science and art, leaving behind indelible scientific works.

In the history of the development of science, there has long been an order for sorting and ordering the accumulated reserves of knowledge into a certain system.

Despite this, he wrote one of his most famous works-the treatise "encyclopedia of Sciences". This work occupies a special place in the history of science. This treatise has long been known in the countries of the East and West under the names "encyclopedia of Sciences", "order of Sciences", "classification of Sciences", etc.

The encyclopedia of Farabi was translated from Arabic to Latin twice in the 12th century. In the following centuries, this work was published in full or fragmentary form in Hebrew, German, English, French, Turkic, and other languages. Roger bacon, the famous Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037), and others wrote their well-known encyclopedic works under his direct influence.

The founders of Arabic culture are named after three philosophers: al-Kindi, al-Farabi, and Abu Ali Ibn Sina.

In the field of philosophy, the Greek thinker wrote commentaries on "categories", "metaphysics", "hermeneutics", "rhetoric", "poetics", the first and second "Analytics", "topic" and "sophistry" of Aristotle. It has not lost its significance to this day. Farabi played a major role in presenting the science and ancient culture of the East and West.

Farabi, writing comments on the philosophy of Aristotle, for his part wrote many philosophical works: "the origin of the Sciences", "encyclopedia or chain of Sciences", "the pearl of genius", "vision of good citizens", "the Big book of music", "what you need to know in advance to learn to philosophize", "on the essence of reason", "social and ethical treatises", "philosophical treatises", etc.

Al-Farabi's philosophical arguments about "Kairat", "mind" and" heart "Abay outlined in his book"Don't be beautiful"... in his poem, he conveyed it to the reader with great skill as a thinker-a brilliant and talented jeweler of words.

In terms of philosophy, Farabi says that he is a student of Aristotle. Farabi thought highly of Aristotle (Arctolina).

It can be said that there is no scholar whose name has not nourished and nourished the world from the works of Mashhur Abu Nasr. His name has a strong place in the history of world culture and science.

The great teacher Farabi was recognized not only by the countries of the East, the Arab peoples. He was known to all the great men of the Western countries in the first period of the Renaissance. For example, scientists such as bacon, Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus, Kepler, Leibniz, took many samples from it.

European Orientalists and historians believe that al-Farabi is also the founder of Eastern philosophy. The work "the basis of knowledge of the higher nature" became a work that absorbed all the depth of Eastern philosophy, its antiquity. The value of the scholar's opinions expressed in this work lies in the fact that he based his philosophical reflections on the arguments of the ancient Greek philosophers Aristotle, Plato, who were connected with the Islamic foundations.

In the field of philosophy, Farabi was considered an unsurpassed personality of his time. His main point of view is rationality. In his philosophical works, much space is given to comments on the philosophical works of Aristotle, Plato, and other early geniuses. Farabi's remarkable and very valuable work, the treatise "pearls of wisdom", has been a textbook of Eastern universities for 1000 years.

Philosophy and religion, their relations-complex issues that concern Abu Nasr al-Farabi. Eternity and the world, life and death, human problems, the relationship between philosophy and religion worried the thinker.

For example, the work of the great thinker "the book on religion and other texts"is the only work of the scientist that confirms that he was a believer. The treatise "the great prayer of Abu Nasr al-Farabi", published in Beirut 2 times under the guidance of the scholar-farabologist Muhsin Mahdi, reveals the meaning of the worldview of the great scientist.

Abu Nasr al-Farabi has works on ethical topics: "reference to the path of happiness", "Civil policy", "parables of a statesman", "views of the residents of Kayyrly". In these treatises, the scientist-thinker with logical consistency stated and proved that through simple concepts, any behavior, habits and various qualities that a person has are formed not from birth, but gradually and gradually.

In the political and social treatises "views of good citizens", "parables of a statesman", etc. the scientist elaborated on the problem of charity and happiness.

Brother, how many loving,
Life passes with despondency.
Awake with your head,
Pendixes are not bol.
Entered on the surface of the paper
The video is drawn on a line,
It is in the developed Giger,
Random life
If Iaspei TLA Nar.
However, what are we going to do
The heart is full of firewood.
Let's miss the dream
We are on the way to the great Murat ... -
in his poems, al-Farabi touches on the themes of life, pendeshnost, subtle feelings.

Al-Farabi's most prominent Sciences are astronomy and geometry. He created optical devices. Including a carved parabola mirror, a clock with a time sensor. This thought is a parabola (in Arabic: "muharak", which is translated by Europeans as"focus".) Reached Kepler through a disciple of al-Farabi Ibn Haytham. The method of making al-Farabi sundial is still used today. In science, it is considered a method of measuring the shadow, the method of finding the Meridian of the Earth by the solar clock. The scientist also laid the Foundation for spherical trigonometry.
There is a treatise "on the truth and knowledge of the laws of astrology".

Farabiy is a man who is very well versed in astronomy and astrology. "I don't want you to know that I can't," she said. He has a treatise on the science of the stars on this subject.

Al-Farabi also contributed to physics. His outstanding achievement in this field is the so-called "Vacuum". Here he tries to prove that there is no vacuum (emptiness) in nature with the help of logical conclusions based on rare experiments (experiments) even among ancient Greek scientists.

The brilliant thinker attached great importance to medicine and biological Sciences. He put a lot of effort, especially for the theoretical philosophical justification of these Sciences.

Al-Farabi's work on medicine in the creative heritage shows scientists full familiarity with the basic knowledge of the theoretical source of this science and its history. His medical and philosophical reflections have only recently become the subject of research by scientists related to the translation and study into Russian of treatises " on the members of human [flesh]" and "Galen's objections to his disagreement with Aristotle on the members of human flesh". In addition to these works, another work by al-Farabi devoted to the problem of medicine is "on animals [bodies], their functions and potency".

From these works of a great scientist-a famous scientist, a disciple of Farabi, a physician Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna). For example, his famous work "fundamentals of medicine" is very close in theoretical and methodological aspect to the treatise of his teacher"on human organs".

It is known that Farabi was a good doctor. In the age of illiteracy, al-Farabi expressed interesting opinions about medicine, one of the most important among the natural Sciences, and considered the use of data from this science for human life. The great scientist set a special goal of bringing medical problems closer to psychological science.